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So many people are working from home right now and, if we are to believe what we are told, it will be the new normal for many, at least part-time. In some ways, that is great. Most people won't miss the commute and in theory, at least, that is time you can repurpose to do what you want...and apparently cosmetic and deodorant sales are down, so that suggests you are repurposing some of that wash and brush-up time too. The down side is that for most of us, at least here in London, space is at a premium...we don't have a room set up as an office...so we have to work in our living space and that might involve some compromises. How can you make that work?
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Coronovirus, what can you do?
I don’t propose to repeat the advice you are getting elsewhere but I do think there are a couple of points from the osteopathic perspective that bear consideration If you have a mild dose of Coronovirus and can potter around, do so, your body relies on movement to maximise the efficacy of your immune system but the important caveat here is, without exhausting yourself, remember you are not replenishing your oxygen as efficiently so don’t use up everything you’ve got What can you do before widespread infection hits? Try and get your rib cage working as well as possible. Fibrosis will restrict your lung capacity so you want to get your thoracic capacity as good as possible beforehand and make breathing as easy as possible (if you are asthmatic or have other longstanding lung conditions speak to your GP before doing anything that affects your lungs). I suggest yoga or pilates for movement or just some daily stretches at home, open book, cat camel , or an exercise that makes you take deep breaths like running (try couch to 5k) this will also improve your stamina, which is the ability of your blood to carry oxygen. MORE THAN ANYTHING ELSE WASH YOUR HANDS THOROUGHLY AND REGULARLY AND STAY HOME IF YOU ARE AT ALL UNWELL! It’s January and many of us have made promises to shift the Xmas pounds (maybe from more than one Xmas!). I am coming round to the idea of ‘couch to 5k’. I haven’t run yet, but I’m thinking about it albeit still on the couch.
For those of you who are taking up running this January, I have a few thoughts for you to try and help you do it without injury.
![]() Some of you may have been to multiple osteopaths and may have been surprised by how different your treatment has been. It would be fair to say that osteopathy is a broad church! If you had asked me, before I trained as an osteopath, what defined osteopaths I would probably have said, the type of treatment they offer and would probably have said specifically the use of high velocity thrusts, or, manipulations…because that was the kind of treatment I had from the osteopaths I had visited and I felt that was what was different from massage or physiotherapy. But there are plenty of osteopaths who don’t use manipulations and, of course, Chiropractors use ‘adjustments’, which amount to the same thing…in fact they have probably been using them longer. What makes an osteopath, is more about how we think than any individual technique, or protocol and it is the philosophy that sets us apart from chiropractors, physiotherapists and other bodyworkers. There are 4 key principles of osteopathy
![]() During the first year of training to be an osteopath I spent a lot of time learning anatomy from textbooks. These books describe structures and tell you the names, locations, relations (what is around it), blood supply and nervous supply, amongst other useful information and we (try to) learn these by rote so we can pass our anatomy exams. Some time later…it was the third year of training for me…I suddenly realised that I could differentiate between two structures at different depths by reference to my anatomical knowledge and comparing the shape and, particularly in the case of muscles, lines of force. My particular road to Damascus moment occurred when I felt something pulling up towards the neck from the angle of the scapula (part of the shoulderblade). The trapezius muscle is the most superficial muscle here but I realised the fibres don’t run in that direction, whereas underneath it is levator scapulae and this line of tightness corresponded exactly with where that muscle should run. Over time I became more and more able to differentiate between different structures using this method and I rarely think about the textbook anatomy. Today a patient came in with a pain in his buttock (we joked that I should entitle this, ‘the pain in the bum patient’). On examination the tender bit was in the lower part of gluteus maximus, just above the ischial tuberosity (sitting or sitz bone) but the area affected didn’t run in the same direction as the fibres of that muscle, nor indeed the small internal rotator muscles that lie underneath (and provoking those muscles didn’t recreate the pain), it was also a bit too high to be ischiogluteal bursitis. I was stymied for a moment…and then I remembered that I had read a paper highlighting that a significant minority of people had an anatomical variation whereby their biceps femoris (the outer hamstring) either additionally or often alternatively attached to the transverse ligaments of the sacroiliac joint rather than the ischial tuberosity and realised that this explained the symptoms in this location. There are many anatomical variations, extra ribs at the top or bottom of the ribcage, extra or fewer vertebrae (actually just more or less of them that are not fused; kidneys and nipples often appear in greater number than is standard and sesamoid bones are non-standard parts in more than one place in the body. Understanding how ‘the body’ works is a wonderful thing, understanding how the body underneath my hands is put together is even more exciting ![]() People ask me what I most often treat. The glib and osteopathic answer is 'people'. If I'm going to be reductionist and nominate a body part then ribs are surprisingly high up there. Why surprising? Well? How often do you think about your ribs? The amount of patients who say 'I have ribs at the back too?' or 'that far up/down'. You break them or bruise them but rib dysfunction with no traumatic onset? I'm being a little disingenuous here, because, most often it is not the rib itself that is the problem but the joint or joints attaching it to the spine and to the sternum (breastbone). Most people have 12 pairs of ribs. ![]() The top pair are the 1st ribs, uniquely they only have one joint at the rear with the spine Ribs 2-7 have two joints at the rear, all of ribs 1-7 are true ribs and have a joint at the front with the breastbone Ribs 8-10 are false ribs, they don't come all the way to the front but join to cartilage which then combines and joins to the 7th rib Ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs, they only have the two joints to the spine and the front end 'floats' but not very freely as t is held in place by muscles. So what can go wrong? Well the ribs are subject to loads of forces in different directions. Obviously they move when you breathe...you may never have thought of that..and when you move your thoracic spine they have to move to accommodate that and then there are the shoulder movements that basically require your ribcage to deform to accommodate those too. Each time a healthy rib moves all of the joints between it and your spine and sternum should move a little too, but like every other joint, they can get irritated, inflamed, restricted, stuck and the whole rib can end up out of synch with the spine and with the other ribs around it. Which can cause the joints to get very inflamed and painful. and can cause the muscle overlying the rib to be held on stretch for long periods, which then makes the muscle sore and or tight. So many of those 'knots' you get in your upper back between the shoulderblades are not knots at all but instead some muscle stretched over a prominent and unyielding rib below. Then there are the muscles between the ribs, you know, the tasty bit in spare ribs, they are intercostal muscles and can become too tight and feed into the dysfunction by pulling the ribs together unevenly like badly ruched curtains and then there are muscles attaching to the top and bottom ribs, at the top, particularly the scalenes, these are the muscles that run up the side of your neck and they attach to the first and second ribs, poor rib function there can lead to the scalenes becoming tight resulting a stiff and painful neck, not to mention the effect it can have on the nerve and blood supply to the arm. At the other end the 12th rib attaches to quadratus lumborum and psoas, as well as the diaphragm and dysfunction here can lead to low back pain, even hip problems and problems with the nerve supply into the leg. I rarely treat ribs in isolation but, I treat them with most patients and they deserve to have more attention paid to them in general ![]() Leg and yes, the gluteal region too. Sciatica is one of those terms thrown around with varying degrees of accuracy, so I thought it might be time to talk about what it is..and isn't...and of course what osteopathy may be able to do to help. The idea behind sciatica is irritation of the sciatic nerve causing pain in the leg. Let's get the annoying 'know it all' stuff out of the way first... 1. There is no sciatic nerve...Really! What we call the sciatic nerve is actually a sheath containing 2 completely separate nerves, the tibial and fibular (or peroneal) nerves. 2. A slipped disc, disc protrusion, herniation etc cannot press on the sciatic (or fibular or tibial) nerve, these nerves are what are called peripheral nerves and are formed outside the spinal column (hence in the peripheral, not central, nervous system). What can get irritated in the spinal column, by a slipped disc etc, is a nerve root. These exit in pairs at each spinal level and then send branches which join in plexuses (plexi?) to form peripheral nerves Phew! OK, so lets assume we are talking about nerve pain, numbness or weakness in the buttock, maybe down the outside or back of the thigh and sometimes into the calf and foot. Where are the main places that the nerve can be irritated? The first place is in the spinal column. A disc bulge can press on the nerve root and cause pain down the leg. Typically L45 or LS discs are particularly prone to herniation and can bulge and press on l5 or S1 nerve roots which cause symptoms in these areas Overtight buttock muscles, especially piriformis can compress the sciatic bundle and irritate the nerves contained within. Typically this is felt as pain along the route of the nerve in the thigh and often doesn't extend beyond the knee although it can go all the way to the foot. The common fibular nerve is prone to injury and entrapment where it winds around the fibular head (the bony lump on the outside just below the knee). Relatively minor knocks here can stop the nerve gliding smoothly meaning that it can get stretched and harder bumps (hit by a car bumper etc) may lead to loss of power from the muscles it supplies, and foot drop. The tibial nerve can get trapped behind the knee, under soleus muscle and in the foot, in a structure called the tarsal tunnel, which can become congested due to poor foot mechanics. How do we know where the problem is? Sometimes it is very obvious from the history, where the injury took place and what kind or injury it was, sometimes examination and basic orthopaedic testing will find an obvious derangement and treatment of that will reduce or eliminate the symptoms. An MRI would be required to confirm a disc bulge and/or nerve conduction testing can show whereabouts a nerve is damaged. Beware though 80% of 40 year olds with no back problems or sciatica will have disc bulges on an MRI. So you may have a disc bulge and sciatica but it may not be the cause, or may be part of the cause and resolving an issue elsewhere may be enough to eliminate the symptoms What can an osteopath do? It depends...as always. If you have herniated a disc, nature may have to take its course, most disc herniations become asymptomatic within 12 weeks (sadly, not all). That said, sometimes even sciatica due to an apparent disc bulge may respond to treatment, either the treatment reduces local muscle spasming, postural issues or fluid congestion around the nerve root thus decreasing compression and irritation, or working elsewhere along the root of the nerve increases it's capacity sufficiently to reduce symptoms. If the problem is due to tight muscles in the buttock we can work to loosen those and, more importantly work out why they have overtightened and work on those factors also. Problems in the foot and further down the leg are often very amenable to osteopathic treatment. Finally, if you are suffering from sciatica it is probably affecting how you sit, walk etc and that will have a knock on effect on other tissues in your back and possibly in your other leg. We can work to minimise those disruptions, so that when your sciatica does go, you aren't left with a whole pile of other problems Picture
Osteopaths treat all sorts of musculoskeletal mechanical disorders and patients seem to come in waves with disorders of particular areas of the body…this week it has been feet.
I have to confess I always approach someone’s feet with trepidation. They aren’t always pleasant and perhaps more importantly they can be tough old things to sort out. We stand on them, and they bear our weight, they’re strong. Similar to the hands I find that I am actually using my hands to make the changes I want, rather than gravity and my bodyweight with other areas of the body, and as a result after treating someone’s feet my hands are usually bright red. As a positive aside I don’t seem to suffer from cold hands as much as I used to before practising osteopathy! So they’re hard work and not always pleasant to work on but feet are so important, for those of us who can stand and walk, they are our foundation and yet we treat them with disdain. When did you last look at your feet to make sure they’re OK? Do they match? Have they changed? Do they move how they should? Patient 1 had a stress-fracture of their 2nd metatarsal for no apparent reason 6 months ago, no bone density problems. It got better and then she started getting pain under the metatarsal heads (the pads just before the toes). When I looked at her foot the medial (inner) arch of the foot was all flattened and the whole foot was twisted so that excessive pressure was being placed on the big toe…and that had responded by developing a valgus (toe bends inwards towards foot at joint) and a bunion, this takes the pressure off the 1st toe and puts it on the 2nd particularly if they have a long 2nd toe, known as a mortons toe…and may explain the fracture. Shockingly the podiatrist prescribed insoles without touching the patient’s feet. The patient was worried their toe had fractured again. I was able to articulate the medial arch to reform but the patient still had pain however we were able to identify it was no longer where the fracture had been, I then worked on the transverse arch, this is the arch across the foot where the pads are just before the toes. Sometimes these can drop and some gentle encouragement can persuade them to pop back into a nice arched shape and voila, no pain. The next step (pun intended) is to see if the foot is capable of holding this improvement without orthotics, and if not, to try with orthotics. Patient 2 had pain in the outside aspect of her left foot, which she had been told was due to an avulsion fracture 2 years ago. On observation the foot had an overly high arch and the toes pulled back almost like a cats claw ready to pounce. She was very hypermobile in her hands and feet, that means her ligaments had much less recoil than usual. She’d been to see a range of practitioners and nobody had questioned this hugely deformed foot, suggesting the pain was just down to a detached bit of bone and she’d have to live with it. Perhaps they thought the foot was like this due to a developmental deformity, it certainly looked like it but I asked the patient about it and the foot hadn’t always been like that, so I decided to see what could be done. Below the talocrural joint there is a joint called the subtalar joint. When we sprain our ankle, it is usually the talocrural joint but can sometimes be the subtalar joint. The subtalar joint was stuck twisting the foot inward and the rest of the mid and forefoot was twisted the other way so the front of the foot could present flat to the ground. After I had released the restricted joints the arch normalised and most of the toes released and sat almost flat, I then massaged the short toe flexor muscles in the arch of the foot and the longer toe flexors and extensors in the leg. The foot straightened out, almost entirely, this crippling condition apparently 90% resolved with 10 minutes work. I think that the patient had just sprained her subtalar joint and in order to protect the hypermobile foot in this less stable position the nervous system had activated both flexors and extensors to hold the foot rigid. Again we need to see how much of the improvement is maintained but even if it starts to revert, this opens new avenues of treatment to explore. The moral of this story is, look at your feet and get problems resolved (including that revolting athletes foot) because feet that function well don’t just help protect against foot and ankle pain but they absorb forces to protect the rest of the leg, the knees, the hips and even the back. Don’t necessarily expect other professionals to identify resolvable biomechanical dysfunctions. Orthopaedic surgeons are primarily looking for things that require surgery, a podiatrist who is an expert in orthotics will probably make you some lovely orthotics. I’m not sure this should be seen as criticism…I’d do a lousy job of removing your bunion and you’ll be pleased to know I wouldn’t dream of trying. “Render unto Caesar…” and all that, there’s a place for podiatry and for surgery but I hope you will now consider that there’s a place for osteopathy in the care of your feet, even if that does mean I have to handle more of the darn things. I’ve written about this before…and I try not to repeat myself…but please forgive me this once as I come to this with fresh information.
I’ve written about how uncomfortable the hard, upright seats on many modern new planes and trains are, notably Thameslink and the new Intercity Express Passenger trains. Im not going to go into why hard upright seats are so uncomfortable again, it's here. It seemed to me that someone was taking perverse glee in commissioning seats that were horribly uncomfortable, except they’re not…any more. I should explain that the seats haven’t changed, my back has! So now I can see both sides of the story. I have spent most of my life with a pronounced kyphosis, that is to say that the top part of my back is more rounded than average. I remember going to an Alexander Technique taster class aged 18 and lying on my back on the floor and finding it painful because my upper back was rounded and hard and wouldn’t lie flat enough to be comfortable. There are many reasons for a pronounced kyphosis, maybe it is genetic, maybe it is the result of having been tall at a time when I was shy and so spent my time looking at the floor, maybe it was the result of falling out of a tree onto my back aged 10 or 11 and the injury not resolving properly, who knows. I have spent the last year and a half working hard on my own body, using self-treatment, treatment from my osteopath, deep tissue massage, swimming, focused gym work and most recently pilates, in order to get mobility into my whole back and then to start to reduce that excessive kyphosis. The good news is it is working and I know that because, my shoulders are less rounded so I can perform lateral raises properly in the gym (I absolutely couldn’t before)…and…wait for it…The seats in the Intercity Express Train are OK, they’re not cosseting but they’re not uncomfortable either. So what does this tell us? Firstly, long-standing postural issues can sometimes be reversed, but it takes a lot of hard work. Secondly, the commissioning team for the latest train seats aren’t necessarily sadists…but they are making the common mistake that catering for the average person is good enough, it isn’t, it is poor design because it is uncomfortable for a very significant proportion of the population. We live in a world where doors and grab rails (rightly) have to be a specified number of shades away from the surrounding colour palette and journeys are punctuated by passenger announcements, to make journeys easier for the visually impaired. Trains are removed from service and stations remodelled at great expense because they aren’t wheelchair accessible. Yesterday at Slough station there were signs all over the stairs on the new bridge and a really annoying announcement every 30 seconds demanding that I use the handrail on the stairs (despite that rendering the middle 2/3 of the staircase potentially useless). Against this backdrop, how can we think it is acceptable to introduce seats without ensuring that they are not cripplingly uncomfortable for the vast number of people in the UK whose back is more curved than average?...and if you are lucky enough to think that this is a moan about a little bit of discomfort, then I hope for your sake your back doesn't lose it's shape and flexibility as you age, because, I can tell you from experience that these seats, so innocuous for most are much more than a little uncomfortable for the kyphotic many. Back down off my soapbox I’d love you all to be able to come and have as much treatment as you need to make your body the very best it can possibly be. Realistically though, many of us (I include myself) have long standing issues that require a long period of sustained and intensive therapy to fully resolve. Apart from the investment in time that can also mount up in terms of cost. Not everyone (I include myself in this also) can afford to commit to open-ended weekly treatment. So what happens is, the patient comes with a problem and if the pre-disposing factors, that is the underlying postural issues are long-standing, complex and slow to resolve then the patient stops coming, once their current pain or dysfunction is resolved…but then they are back 6 months later with the same problem or something else but caused by the underlying issue not being resolved. So how can that be minimised? Over to you, the patient, to take some control of the issue
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June 2025
AuthorDamian is the principal osteopath at Vauxhall Village Osteopathy and Oval Osteopathy Categories
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